Preventive and planned conservation: an algorithm for the analysis and evaluation of degradation phenomena in Cultural Heritage

This research presents an algorithm for the assessment of deterioration risks and planning of preventive conservation actions.The proposed system is based on systematic collection and analysis of key parameters, including the type of support,conservation history, restoration techniques, environmental conditions and other factors that may influence the materialstability of Cultural Heritage over time. The methodological approach involves several phases: data collection, risk factoranalysis, assignment of reference values to each significant variable, information modeling and graphic visualization ofconservation status and associated risk level through chromatic gradients. The algorithm enables the calculation of an overallrisk score through a weighted evaluation system that integrates mathematical equations with a scoring approach reflectingthe relative importance of each parameter. Currently implemented as an Excel®-based application, the parametric system isdesigned to be accessible to restorers and conservation professionals in interoperability with integrated advanced digitalecosystems (BIM/HBIM-CAD and VPL). Visual parametric representation facilitates communication of complex information.As a dynamic and scenario-driven tool, the algorithm requires regular updates to maintain its effectiveness across varyingenvironmental and conservation contexts. The algorithm has been tested on a sample of artworks restored and monitored overthe past five years, including significant works by Titian, Lorenzo Lotto and Luca Giordano. These case studies, museumcollections, historic interiors and open-air monuments have allowed for the verification of the system’s ability to detectvulnerabilities and support tailored preventive conservation strategies. All data, analyses and results are systematicallyrecorded and managed within a dedicated information framework to ensure traceability and continuity of conservationmanagement. The experimental application has confirmed the validity of the structured data-driven approach in identifyingand displaying critical issues, prioritizing conservation actions and supporting informed decision-making.