Enhancing Mobile App Development for Sustainability: Designing and Evaluating the SBAM Design Cards

Behavioral changes are critical for addressing sustainability challenges, which have become increasingly urgent due to the growing impact of global greenhouse gas emissions on ecosystems and human livelihoods. However, translating awareness into meaningful action requires practical tools to bridge this gap. Mobile applications, utilizing strategies from human–computer interaction (HCI) such as gamification, nudging, and per- suasive technologies, have proven to be powerful in promoting sustainable behaviors. To support designers in developing effective apps of this kind, theory-based design guidelines were created, drawing on established theories and design approaches aimed at shaping and encouraging virtuous user behaviors fostering sustainability. To make these guidelines more accessible and enhance their usability during the design phase, this study presents their transformation into the SBAM card deck, a deck of 11 design cards. The SBAM cards aim to simplify theoretical concepts, stimulate creativity, and provide structured support for design discussions, helping designers generate solutions tailored to specific project contexts. This study also evaluates the effectiveness of the SBAM cards in the design process through two workshops with design students. Results show that the cards enhance ideation, foster creativity, and improve designers’ perceived self-efficacy compared to the exploitation of the same design guidelines information presented in traditional textual formats. This paper discusses the SBAM cards design and evaluation methodology, findings, and implications, offering insights into how the SBAM design cards can bridge the gap between theory and practice in sustainability-focused mobile app development. To ensure broader accessibility, the SBAM cards have been made available to the public through a dedicated website.