This thesis investigates the processes of transition from school to university, interpreting them as critical and transformative moments within individuals’ biographical trajectories. The study is situated within the field of General and Social Pedagogy and adopts the comprehensive-transactional paradigm as its epistemological framework. From this perspective, the structure of the research unfolds through a progressive widening of the analytical lens on the phenomenon under investigation. The first movement of the research is characterised by an exploration tous azimuts, during which it became necessary to reflect on the relationship between knowledge, education, and transformation. This reflection led to the identification of the main scientific paradigms within the history of pedagogical thought and to the positioning of the study within the comprehensive-transactional approach. The second movement consists of an exploration organisée, which requires a greater systematisation and organisation of knowledge. In this phase, a systematic review of both national and international pedagogical literature was conducted, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review was carried out through the development of a research protocol including key terms, search strings, filters, and a list of the databases and journals consulted. Through this process, 1,148 scientific records were initially identified. After several screening stages based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number was reduced to 95 articles included in the final analysis. The selected evidence was examined through a narrative synthesis with three main objectives: defining the concept of transition and the theoretical models describing the passage from school to university; analysing the risk and protective factors that influence this process; and investigating the most widespread school and university guidance practices. The results of the review raised new research questions, which were subsequently reworked within the third movement of the study, dedicated to the phase de validation, and translated into grounded hypotheses. In particular, the hypotheses concern the role of cultural capital in university choices, the influence of different forms of support in decision-making processes, and the need to rethink guidance practices from the perspective of educational equity. In order to empirically explore these hypotheses, the research context was identified as the University of Suor Orsola Benincasa – Naples, through the design and administration of both quantitative and qualitative research instruments. The quantitative phase involved the administration of two questionnaires: one addressed to students enrolled, in the academic years 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, in the first year of one of the seven Bachelor’s degree programmes or one of the three single-cycle Master’s degree programmes at UNISOB; the other addressed to their parents or legal guardians. The qualitative phase involved an adaptation of the photovoice technique, asking participants to bring a photograph representing their lived experience of the transition from school to university. Finally, within a perspective of ongoing reflective openness, the university guidance practices implemented at UNISOB were analysed, and a rethinking of these practices is proposed from the perspective of educational equity. Although the university experience represents in itself a complex transitional phase, it also constitutes a fundamental step in the construction of future professional identity.
La tesi indaga i processi di transizione dalla scuola all’università, interpretandoli come momenti critici e trasformativi all’interno delle traiettorie biografiche delle persone. Il lavoro si colloca nell’ambito della Pedagogia generale e sociale e assume, come riferimento epistemologico, il paradigma comprensivo-transazionale. In questa prospettiva, la struttura della ricerca si articola in un progressivo ampliamento dello sguardo sul fenomeno indagato. Il primo movimento della ricerca è caratterizzato da un’exploration tous azimuts, durante la quale è stato necessario interrogarsi sul rapporto tra conoscenza, formazione e trasformazione. Tale riflessione ha condotto all’individuazione dei principali paradigmi scientifici presenti nella storia del pensiero pedagogico e alla collocazione della ricerca all’interno dell’approccio comprensivo-transazionale. Il secondo movimento consiste in un’exploration organisée, che richiede una maggiore sistematizzazione e organizzazione della conoscenza. In questa fase è stata condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura pedagogica nazionale e internazionale, seguendo le linee guida PRISMA 2020. La revisione è stata realizzata attraverso la costruzione di un protocollo di ricerca che includeva termini chiave, stringhe di ricerca, filtri e l’elenco dei database e delle riviste consultate. Attraverso questo processo sono state inizialmente individuate 1148 evidenze scientifiche che, dopo le diverse fasi di screening basate su criteri di inclusione ed esclusione, sono state ridotte a 95 articoli inclusi nell’analisi finale. Le evidenze selezionate sono state analizzate mediante una sintesi narrativa con tre principali obiettivi: definire il concetto di transizione e i modelli teorici che descrivono il passaggio dalla scuola all’università; analizzare i fattori di rischio e di protezione che influenzano tale processo; indagare le pratiche di orientamento scolastico e universitario più diffuse. I risultati della revisione hanno fatto emergere nuovi interrogativi di ricerca, successivamente rielaborati nel terzo movimento dello studio, dedicato alla phase de validation, e tradotti in ipotesi ancorate. In particolare, le ipotesi riguardano il ruolo del capitale culturale nelle scelte universitarie, l’influenza delle diverse forme di accompagnamento alla scelta e la necessità di ripensare le pratiche di orientamento in una prospettiva di equità formativa. Per esplorare empiricamente tali ipotesi è stato individuato come contesto di indagine l’Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa - Napoli, attraverso la costruzione e la somministrazione di strumenti di investigazione di tipo quantitativo e qualitativo. La fase quantitativa ha previsto la somministrazione di due questionari: uno rivolto agli studenti e alle studentesse iscritti/e, negli anni accademici 2023/2024 e 2024/2025, al primo anno di uno dei sette corsi di laurea triennali o di uno dei tre corsi di laurea magistrale a ciclo unico dell’Ateneo UNISOB; l’altro rivolto ai loro genitori o tutori/tutrici legali. La fase qualitativa ha invece previsto un adattamento della tecnica del photovoice, chiedendo ai partecipanti e alle partecipanti di portare una fotografia che rappresentasse il loro vissuto della transizione scuola-università. Infine, in un’ottica di costante apertura riflessiva, sono state analizzate le pratiche di orientamento dell’Ateneo UNISOB, per le quali si propone un ripensamento in una prospettiva di equità formativa. Sebbene l’esperienza universitaria rappresenti di per sé una fase di transizione complessa, essa costituisce anche un passaggio fondamentale nella costruzione della futura identità professionale.
Storie di transizioni all'università. Una ricerca comprensiva-transazionale per ripensare l'orientamento scolastico-universitario in chiave di equità formativa / Talotti, Melania. - (2026 Mar 30).
Storie di transizioni all'università. Una ricerca comprensiva-transazionale per ripensare l'orientamento scolastico-universitario in chiave di equità formativa
Melania Talotti
2026-03-30
Abstract
This thesis investigates the processes of transition from school to university, interpreting them as critical and transformative moments within individuals’ biographical trajectories. The study is situated within the field of General and Social Pedagogy and adopts the comprehensive-transactional paradigm as its epistemological framework. From this perspective, the structure of the research unfolds through a progressive widening of the analytical lens on the phenomenon under investigation. The first movement of the research is characterised by an exploration tous azimuts, during which it became necessary to reflect on the relationship between knowledge, education, and transformation. This reflection led to the identification of the main scientific paradigms within the history of pedagogical thought and to the positioning of the study within the comprehensive-transactional approach. The second movement consists of an exploration organisée, which requires a greater systematisation and organisation of knowledge. In this phase, a systematic review of both national and international pedagogical literature was conducted, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review was carried out through the development of a research protocol including key terms, search strings, filters, and a list of the databases and journals consulted. Through this process, 1,148 scientific records were initially identified. After several screening stages based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number was reduced to 95 articles included in the final analysis. The selected evidence was examined through a narrative synthesis with three main objectives: defining the concept of transition and the theoretical models describing the passage from school to university; analysing the risk and protective factors that influence this process; and investigating the most widespread school and university guidance practices. The results of the review raised new research questions, which were subsequently reworked within the third movement of the study, dedicated to the phase de validation, and translated into grounded hypotheses. In particular, the hypotheses concern the role of cultural capital in university choices, the influence of different forms of support in decision-making processes, and the need to rethink guidance practices from the perspective of educational equity. In order to empirically explore these hypotheses, the research context was identified as the University of Suor Orsola Benincasa – Naples, through the design and administration of both quantitative and qualitative research instruments. The quantitative phase involved the administration of two questionnaires: one addressed to students enrolled, in the academic years 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, in the first year of one of the seven Bachelor’s degree programmes or one of the three single-cycle Master’s degree programmes at UNISOB; the other addressed to their parents or legal guardians. The qualitative phase involved an adaptation of the photovoice technique, asking participants to bring a photograph representing their lived experience of the transition from school to university. Finally, within a perspective of ongoing reflective openness, the university guidance practices implemented at UNISOB were analysed, and a rethinking of these practices is proposed from the perspective of educational equity. Although the university experience represents in itself a complex transitional phase, it also constitutes a fundamental step in the construction of future professional identity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
