Dalla filosofia all’educazione. Momenti paradigmatici della pedagogia positivista e socialista.

The contribution highlights the relationship between education and philosophy, focusing on some key moments in the development of positivism and socialism. These two pedagogical views were in turn inspired by two broader philosophical currents that developed in Europe between the 18th and 19th centuries. Drawing on studies by Franco Cambi, this analysis highlights the main points of convergence and divergence between these two pedagogical trends, which emerged in response to the expansion of the capitalist mode of production and the consequent introduction of machines into the production process. Alongside these momentous developments, two contrasting models of schooling and culture emerged from socialist and positivist perspectives, both of which sought to address the social issues arising from industrialization. In addition to the renewed impetus for the idea of promoting public education for the whole of society, which had already arisen during the Enlightenment, the 19th century also faced the problem of stabilize values of civil coexistence in the face of the consequences of industrial development. In conclusion, it is demonstrated how pedagogical positivism lacked a truly critical framework for industry and the capitalist mode of production, which instead emerges in the Marxian pedagogical perspective.